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	<title>Blog do Tiago &#187; Matemática</title>
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		<title>Spivak sobre definições e teoremas</title>
		<link>http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/spivak-sobre-definicoes-e-teoremas/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/spivak-sobre-definicoes-e-teoremas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 May 2010 23:47:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tiago Madeira</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Matemática]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[calculus on manifolds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spivak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stokes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[theorem]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/?p=646</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[“The reader probably suspects that the modern Stokes&#8217; Theorem is at least as difficult as the classical theorems derived from it. On the contrary, it is a very simple consequence of yet another version of Stokes&#8217; Theorem; this very abstract version is the final and main result of Chapter 4. It is entirely reasonable to <a href='http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/spivak-sobre-definicoes-e-teoremas/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>“The reader probably suspects that the modern Stokes&#8217; Theorem is at least as difficult as the classical theorems derived from it. On the contrary, it is a very simple consequence of yet another version of Stokes&#8217; Theorem; this very abstract version is the final and main result of Chapter 4. It is entirely reasonable to suppose that the difficulties so far avoided must be hidden here. Yet the proof of this theorem is, in the mathematician&#8217;s sense, an utter triviality &#8212; a straight-forward computation. On the other hand, even the statement of this triviality cannot be understood without a horde of difficult definitions from Chapter 4. <strong>There are good reasons why the theorems should all be easy and the definitions hard.</strong> As the evolution of Stokes&#8217; Theorem revealed, a single simple principle can masquerade as several difficult results; the proofs of many theorems involve merely stripping away the disguise. The definitions, on the other hand, serve a twofold purpose: they are rigorous replacements for vague notions, and machinery for elegant proofs.”</p>
<p><small><strong>Michael Spivak</strong>, prefácio de “Calculus on Manifolds”.</small></p>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
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		<title>Probabilidade</title>
		<link>http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/probabilidade/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/probabilidade/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2009 01:43:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tiago Madeira</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Matemática]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[estatiśtica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[probabilidade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[universidade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[usp]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/?p=145</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Curiosamente as melhores aulas (em conteúdo e rigor matemático) que estou tendo no IME-USP neste semestre são as de Introdução à Probabilidade e Estatística I (MAE 121) com a Profª Elisabeti Kira. Digo &#8220;curiosamente&#8221; porque 0. Nunca gostei de estatística (e acreditava que este seria o foco da disciplina); 1. Álgebra e Cálculo tem um <a href='http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/probabilidade/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Curiosamente as melhores aulas (em conteúdo e rigor matemático) que estou tendo no <acronym title="Instituto de Matemática e Estatística">IME</acronym>-<acronym title="Universidade de São Paulo">USP</acronym> neste semestre são as de <em>Introdução à Probabilidade e Estatística I</em> (MAE 121) com a <a href="http://www.ime.usp.br/~betikira/">Profª Elisabeti Kira</a>. Digo <em>&#8220;curiosamente&#8221;</em> porque</p>
<p><strong>0.</strong> Nunca gostei de estatística (e acreditava que este seria o foco da disciplina);</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> Álgebra e Cálculo tem um conteúdo que acredito ser bem mais matemático;</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> Sinceramente, não esperava <em>nada</em> desta disciplina.</p>
<p>Surpreendi-me porque, de fato, desde que entramos na matéria de <em>Probabilidade</em> tudo até agora foi definido ou provado formalmente. Por exemplo, <em>espaço de probabilidade</em> é a tripla <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5COmega%2C%20F%2C%20P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=0' alt='(\Omega, F, P)' title='(\Omega, F, P)' class='latex' />, onde <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/latex.php?latex=%5COmega&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=0' alt='\Omega' title='\Omega' class='latex' /> é o espaço amostral, <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/latex.php?latex=F&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=0' alt='F' title='F' class='latex' /> é uma <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csigma&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=0' alt='\sigma' title='\sigma' class='latex' />-álgebra que representa o conjunto dos eventos e <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/latex.php?latex=P%3A%20F%20%5Crightarrow%20%5B0%2C%201%5D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000000&#038;s=0' alt='P: F \rightarrow [0, 1]' title='P: F \rightarrow [0, 1]' class='latex' /> é a função probabilidade. Com três axiomas em cima dessa definição provamos uma porção de coisas.</p>
<p>Muito interessante. A probabilidade é uma área que eu desconhecia completamente (e discriminava em pensamento por andar sempre junto com <em>Estatística</em>), mas que é muito mais legal (em nível matemático) do que eu pensava.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24742305@N00/3249101355/" title="Probability and Measure" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3023/3249101355_bcf4aa50cb.jpg" alt="Probability and Measure" border="0" /></a><br /><small><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" title="Attribution License" target="_blank"><img src="http://blog.tiagomadeira.com/wp-content/plugins/photo-dropper/images/cc.png" alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" width="16" height="16" align="absmiddle" /></a> <a href="http://www.photodropper.com/photos/" target="_blank">photo</a> credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24742305@N00/3249101355/" title="John-Morgan" target="_blank">John-Morgan</a></small></p>
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